Características clínicas y ecocardiográficas en mujeres con cáncer de mama y tratamiento con radioterapia
Resumen
Introducción: La radioterapia es una de las terapéuticas de primera línea en el cáncer y ha permitido prolongar la vida de los pacientes. Sin embargo, se ha descrito la cardiotoxicidad tardía como efecto inducido por radiación.
Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas, factores de riesgo aterogénicos y parámetros ecocardiográficos en mujeres con cáncer de mama que recibieron tratamiento con radioterapia.
Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en mujeres con cáncer de mama que recibieron tratamiento con radioterapia en un período mayor de 5 años atendidas en el departamento de Medicina Nuclear y Radioterapia del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, en el período comprendido de febrero hasta diciembre 2022.
Resultados: Predominó el color de piel blanca (52.4 %), la media de edad fue de 60.52 años. Prevaleció la HTA en un 61.9 %, seguido de la dislipidemia, la DM y ovarios poliquísticos dentro de los factores de riesgo aterogénicos. Se observó mayor proporción de pacientes con esquema convencional (57.1%) y el tratamiento combinado con quimioterapia fue el más frecuente (43%). El 38.1% de los pacientes presentaron alteraciones del strain longitudinal global del ventrículo izquierdo, y se relacionó con un riego mayor en pacientes con DM {OR 12.000}, e irradiación a la pared costal {OR 9.167}.
Conclusiones: El strain longitudinal global se mantiene reducido en una proporción considerada de pacientes a largo plazo y se relaciona con la presencia de DM y la irradiación en la pared costal.
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