Propuesta de nuevo método para la disección esqueletizada de la arteria mamaria interna: Fundamentos históricos y anátomo-fisiológicos
Resumen
En los últimos 30 años se ha acrecentado el interés de los cirujanos cardiovasculares por la disección esqueletizada de la arteria mamaria interna, sobre todo estimulado por su empleo bilateral para lograr la revascularización arterial total en la mayor cantidad de pacientes; lo que, en teoría, se acompaña de una mayor incidencia de infecciones profundas de la herida esternal. Desde 1992, prácticamente no ha variado la técnica clásica de disección esqueletizada de la mamaria. Quizás los únicos cambios importantes han sido la introducción del cauterizador armónico alrededor del año 2000 y la tendencia de algunos escasos grupos de intentar conservar indemne el plexo venoso retroesternal. Después de un profundo análisis de los fundamentos históricos, anatómicos y fisiológicos sobre los que se sustenta este procedimiento, y basados en la práctica en más de 100 pacientes en un período de dos años, se presentan modificaciones a la técnica clásica de disección esqueletizada de la arteria mamaria interna que permiten la obtención de un hemoducto más saludable en menos tiempo, una mayor protección ante la infección y la isquemia del hueso y los órganos del mediastino, así como la conservación de la integridad de la vena mamaria interna.
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