Daño cardiovascular en la COVID-19: Una extensión de la enfermedad pulmonar
Resumen
Ante la ocurrencia de un brote de neumonía en 59 pacientes sospechosos en un mercado local de mariscos en Wuhan, China, el 1 de diciembre de 2019 fue confirmado por el laboratorio el primer caso de un nuevo coronavirus, hasta entonces desconocido. El 7 de enero de 2020 fue identificado un nuevo tipo de virus de la familia Coronaviridae denominado SARS-CoV-2, agente causal de la enfermedad conocida como COVID-19. Los escasos informes iniciales limitaban la afectación al tracto respiratorio inferior. Con el progreso de la enfermedad y el cúmulo de evidencia científica, se demostró el papel fundamental que desempeña la afectación cardiovascular en el desarrollo y pronóstico de la infección. La edad es un predictor independiente de mortalidad y se ha demostrado una asociación entre la enfermedad cardiovascular preexistente y las formas graves de la enfermedad. La afectación cardiovascular puede ser directa o indirecta, se destacan el daño miocárdico agudo, la miocarditis, el infarto agudo de miocardio, la insuficiencia cardíaca, las arritmias y los eventos tromboembólicos venosos. Se añaden los efectos adversos del tratamiento de las complicaciones cardíacas y el ensayo con fármacos en los protocolos terapéuticos. En esta monografía se revisa el daño cardiovascular por la COVID-19.
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