La historia (des)conocida de las incisiones torácicas. Segunda parte: De las primeras pericardiotomías al nacimiento de la esternotomía longitudinal media

Yoandy López de la Cruz, Rodolfo E. Morales Valdés, Ramón E. Romero Sánchez, Rodolfo Morales Mato

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Durante el siglo XIX se constataron más avances en la cirugía torácica que los experimentados en las más de 40 centurias transcurridas desde la escritura del papiro de Edwin Smith. En un período de poco menos de cien años el hombre abordó la cavidad pericárdica no solo para evacuar derrames, sino para suturar satisfactoriamente heridas en el músculo cardíaco. Además, se realizaron las primeras toracotomías con la específica intención de resecar segmentos pulmonares y se abrió por primera vez el esternón en toda su longitud, un abordaje que con el paso del tiempo se convertiría en la más usada de todas las incisiones torácicas. La mayoría de los cirujanos torácicos conoce poco acerca del verdadero origen de muchos de estos procedimientos quirúrgicos que se emplean en los salones de operaciones del siglo XXI. Esta segunda parte de nuestra revisión tiene la intención de seguir develando la desconocida historia de las incisiones torácicas.

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