¿Es siempre el estrés mental caótico? Un análisis de la adaptabilidad de la regulación neurovisceral desde la complejidad de las oscilaciones del ritmo cardíaco
Palabras clave:
Estrés, Entropía muestral, Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíacaResumen
El modelo de estrés biológico refiere que el tipo de respuesta adaptativa a estresores va a depender de la fase del proceso. Algunas de estas respuestas indican disminución de la adaptabilidad y menor caos en las oscilaciones del ritmo cardíaco. En la presente revisión teórica se exponen los hallazgos experimentales que utilizan la entropía muestral de las oscilaciones del ritmo cardíaco, en las diferentes fases del modelo predominante de estrés biológico de Selye. En las fases de este modelo se producen cambios en entropía muestral de las oscilaciones del ritmo cardíaco con disminución en las fases de alarma y fatiga, y aumento en la de resistencia; lo cual revela la posibilidad de utilizar la teoría del caos y de los sistemas complejos para describir dimensiones de los cambios fisiológicos asociados al proceso biopsicosocial-cultural del estrés.
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