Clinical and angiographic assessment of coronary bare-metal stent restenosis

Abstract

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in Cuba. Coronary angioplasty with stenting is an excellent treatment option, but restenosis overshadows its prognosis and is more common with the use of bare metal stents.

Objective: To characterize restenosis after coronary bare-metal stent from the clinical and angiographic points of view.

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 59 patients with a diagnosis of restenosis after coronary bare-metal stent confirmed by angiography in the Interventional Cardiology Unit of Cardiocentro Ernesto Che Guevara of Villa Clara, Cuba, from February 2010 to April 2012. The variables analyzed were age, sex, coronary risk factors, previous history of angina or heart attack, vessel involved, type of restenosis and treated lesion, vessel diameter and lesion length.

Results: Predominance of male patients (76.27 %), aged 60-69 years (40.66 %). The most common risk factors were hypertension (76.27 %), smoking (37.28 %) and type II diabetes mellitus (33.89 %). The most affected vessel was the left anterior descending (28.81 %), arterial diameters were predominantly ≤ 2.5 mm (54.2%) and lesion length > 20 mm (65, 97). Type B injuries (52.5) and focal restenosis (57.62 %) were more frequent.

Conclusions: Patients with restenosis were predominantly male, between 60-69 years old, with a history of hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus type II. Left anterior descending disease, diameter ≤ 2.5 mm, lesion length > 20 mm, type B coronary lesion and focal restenosis were more frequent.