Left ventricular dysfunction in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Abstract
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus is a major cause of acquired heart disease, especially symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. A literature review was conducted to deepen the understanding of the various clinical, pathophysiological and diagnostic aspects that characterize these patients. The pathogenesis of left ventricular dysfunction is related to various causative agents such as: myocardial infection by the virus itself, opportunistic infections or by other viruses, autoimmune mechanisms, nutritional deficiencies, overexpression of cytokines and drug induced toxicity. Symptomatic systolic dysfunction is a late manifestation of cardiac involvement, while a significant proportion of patients have clinically silent abnormalities. Diastolic dysfunction presents with early alterations in myocardial relaxation and in left ventricular filling dynamics. Echocardiography is useful for its diagnosis. Current antiretroviral therapy increases the survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, which presumably would lead to an increase in the prevalence of cardiac complications. New prospective observational studies to determine the susceptibility of developing symptomatic heart disease in patients infected with this virus are required.Downloads
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