Indicadores de riesgo aterogénico en la preeclampsia

Juan A. Suárez González; Mario Gutiérrez Machado

Authors

Juan A. Suárez González
Mario Gutiérrez Machado

Abstract

Introduction: The atherogenic role of pre-eclampsia with lipid profile changes are risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Objective: To assess atherogenic risk markers in women with pre-eclampsia.

Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 180 pregnant women who attended the pre-eclampsia/eclampsia risk consultation at the Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Mariana Grajales between 2018-2019. The statistical analysis was performed in two stages, descriptive analysis: mean, median, mode and standard deviation and inferential analysis: Student's t-test (quantitative) and Chi-square (qualitative). The level of statistical significance was considered with a value of p<0.05.

Results: Women of childbearing age (29±6.8 years) with a family history of pre-eclampsia (39.6%), nulliparity (35.2%) and personal history of pre-eclampsia (29.6%) predominated, as well as obese pregnant women at the beginning of pregnancy (37.8%) and within this group, class I obesity. In the group of women who developed pre-eclampsia, the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia, abdominal circumference, as well as the Castelli index and the triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were significantly higher (p<0.0001).

Conclusions: Personal history of pre-eclampsia and obesity at the beginning of pregnancy, as well as high levels of glycemia, total cholesterol and triglycerides are indicators of atherogenic risk in women with pre-eclampsia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. López-Fuenzalida A, Illanes Aguilar L, Rodríguez Canales C, Contreras-Briceño F, Durán-Agüero S, Herrera-Valenzuela T, et al. Riesgo cardiometabólico y variación en el contenido graso/adiposo según el índice de masa corporal en niños de seis a nueve años. Nutr Hosp. 2019;36(2):379-86. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.2071

2. Caamaño Navarrete F, Alarcón Hormazábal M, Delgado Floody P. Niveles de obesidad, perfil metabólico, consumo de tabaco y presión arterial en jóvenes sedentarios. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(5):2000-6. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9619

3. Navia Bueno MP, Yaksic Feraude N, Aguilar Mercado X, Farah Bravo J, Chambi E, Mollinedo Rocha E, et al. Factores de riesgo asociados a síndrome metabólico en población habitante de 3600 y 4100 M.S.N.M. Rev Méd La Paz. 2015;21(2):6-17.

4. O'Neill S, O'Driscoll L. Metabolic syndrome: a closer look at the growing epidemic and its associated pathologies. Obes Rev. 2015;16(1):1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12229

5. Fayfman M, Haw S. Diabetes in Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States: Individualizing Approaches to Diagnosis and Management. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2017;13(3):239-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399812666160926142036

6. Miguel Soca PE. Predictores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Rev Finlay [Internet]. 2015 [citado 16 Jun 2020];5(2):80-1. Disponible en: http://www.revfinlay.sld.cu/index.php/finlay/article/view/357/1400

7. Castillo Hernández JL, Cuevas González MJ, Almar Galiana M, Romero Hernández EY. Síndrome metabólico, un problema de salud pública con diferentes definiciones y criterios. Rev Med UV. 2017;17(2):7-24.

8. Armaza Céspedes AX, Chambi Cayo TT, Mamani Ortiz Y, Abasto González S, Luizaga López JM. Factores de riesgo nutricionales asociados al síndrome metabólico en personal militar de la Fuerza Aérea de Cochabamba, Bolivia. Gac Med Bol. 2016;39(1):20-5.

9. Suárez González JA, Gutiérrez Machado M. Caracterización del riesgo cardiometabólico en mujeres de edad mediana con antecedentes de preeclampsia en la última década. CorSalud [Internet]. 2019 [citado 19 Jun 2020];11(1):30-6. Disponible en: http://www.revcorsalud.sld.cu/index.php/cors/article/view/407/814

10. American Diabetes Association. Management of diabetes in pregnancy. Sec. 12. In Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes–2015. Diabetes Care 2015;38(Supl. 1):S77–S79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-S015

11. Fernández Alba JJ, Mesa Páez C, Vilar Sánchez Á, Soto Pazos E, González Macías MC, Serrano Negro E, et al. Sobrepeso y obesidad como factores de riesgo de los estados hipertensivos del embarazo: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. Nutr Hosp. 2018;35(4):874-80. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.1702

12. Johnsson IW, Haglund B, Ahlsson F, Gustafsson J. A high birth weight is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Pediatr Obes. 2015;10(2):77-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.230

13. Leaños-Miranda A, Nolasco-Leaños AG, Carrillo-Juárez RI, Molina-Pérez CJ, Sillas-Pardo LJ, Jiménez-Trejo LM, et al. Usefulness of the sFlt-1/PlGF (Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1/Placental Growth Factor) ratio in diagnosis or misdiagnosis in women with clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia. Hypertension. 2020;76(3):892-900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15552

14. Phipps EA, Thadhani R, Benzing T, Karumanchi SA. Pre-eclampsia: pathogenesis, novel diagnostics and therapies. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2019;15(5):275-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0119-6

15. Tangerås LH, Austdal M, Skråstad RB, Salvesen KÅ, Austgulen R, Bathen TF, et al. Distinct first trimester cytokine profiles for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015;35(11):2478-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.115.305817

16. Chambers JC, Fusi L, Malik IS, Haskard DO, De Swiet M, Kooner JS. Association of maternal endothelial dysfunction with preeclampsia. JAMA. 2001;285(12):1607-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.12.1607

17. Li X, Tan H, Huang X, Zhou S, Hu S, Wang X, et al. Similarities and differences between the risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: A population based cohort study in south China. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2016;6(1):66-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preghy.2015.11.004

18. Valdés G. Preeclampsia y enfermedad cardiovascular: Un enfoque integral para detectar las fases subclínicas de complicaciones obstétricas y cardiovasculares. Rev Chil Cardiol. 2019;38(2):132-45. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-85602019000200132

19. Arabin B, Baschat AA. Pregnancy: An Underutilized Window of Opportunity to Improve Long-term Maternal and Infant Health-An Appeal for Continuous Family Care and Interdisciplinary Communication. Front Pediatr [Internet]. 2017 [citado 22 Jun 2020];5:69. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00069

20. Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S, et al. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: ISSHP Classification, Diagnosis, and Management Recommendations for International Practice. Hypertension. 2018 Jul;72(1):24-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10803

21. Grandi SM, Filion KB, Yoon S, Ayele HT, Doyle CM, Hutcheon JA, et al. Cardiovascular Disease-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Women With a History of Pregnancy Complications. Circulation. 2019;139(8):1069-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.118.036748