COVID-19 en imagen tomográfica por energía dual

Mario E. Nápoles Lizano, Francisco L. Moreno-Martínez, Armando D. Caballero Font

Texto completo:

PDF

Resumen

En diciembre de 2019 se informaron casos de una neumonía grave en la ciudad de Wuhan, China. En enero de 2020 fue identificado el nuevo virus, SARS-CoV-2, que producía esta enfermedad altamente contagiosa denominada COVID-19, y alcanzó nivel de epidemia en marzo de ese propio año. Existe un protocolo establecido para su diagnóstico, donde se encuentran los estudios de imagen, entre ellas la tomografía de tórax con técnica de energía dual. Las características de los hallazgos anatómicos pulmonares y vasculares en las imágenes tomográficas de pacientes con COVID-19, su distribución, y la relación con el tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio de los síntomas, juegan un papel importante en el control y tratamiento de esta enfermedad, lo que refleja el valor diagnóstico de esta técnica.

Referencias

Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):401-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25678

Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, et al. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health-The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;91:264-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5

World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (‎‎‎‎‎‎2019-nCoV)‎‎‎‎‎‎ infection is suspected: interim guidance. [Internet]. Ginebra: World Health Organization; 2020 [citado 2 Feb 2021]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330893

Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001017

Song F, Shi N, Shan F, Zhang Z, Shen J, Lu H, et al. Emerging 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia. Radiology. 2020;295(1):210-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200274

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3

Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019;17(3):181-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9

Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents [Internet]. 2020 [citado 5 Feb 2021];55(3):105924. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924

World Health Organization. Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (‎‎COVID-19)‎‎ in suspected human cases: interim guidance. [Internet]. Ginebra: World Health Organization; 2020 [citado 5 Feb 2021]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331329

Mahase E. China coronavirus: WHO declares international emergency as death toll exceeds 200. BMJ [Internet]. 2020 [citado 6 Feb 2021];368:m408. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m408

Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7

Cummings MJ, Baldwin MR, Abrams D, Jacobson SD, Meyer BJ, Balough EM, et al. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1763-70. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736(20)31189-2

McIntosh K. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Clinical features. En: Hirsch MS, Bloom A, eds. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Epidemiology, virology, and prevention. Waltham, Mass: UpToDate; 2020.

Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648

Blankstein R. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2020;14(3):209-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2020.05.001

Akhmerov A, Marbán E. COVID-19 and the Heart. Circ Res. 2020;126(10):1443-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.317055

Ni W, Yang X, Liu J, Bao J, Li R, Xu Y, et al. Acute Myocardial Injury at Hospital Admission Is Associated With All-Cause Mortality in COVID-19. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(1):124-5. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jacc.2020.05.007

Huang L, Zhao P, Tang D, Zhu T, Han R, Zhan C, et al. Cardiac Involvement in Patients Recovered From COVID-2019 Identified Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(11):2330-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.05.004

Revzin MV, Raza S, Srivastava NC, Warshawsky R, D'Agostino C, Malhotra A, et al. Multisystem Imaging Manifestations of COVID-19, Part 2: From Cardiac Complications to Pediatric Manifestations. Radiographics. 2020;40(7):1866-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2020200195

European Society for Cardiology. ESC Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of CV Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic [Internet]. Education: COVID-19 and Cardiology; 2020 [citado 7 Feb 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.escardio.org/Education/COVID-19-and-Cardiology/ESC-COVID-19-Guidance

Ferrari A, Bertolaccini L, Solli P, Di Salvia PO, Scaradozzi D. Digital chest tomosynthesis: the 2017 updated review of an emerging application. Ann Transl Med [Internet]. 2018 [citado 7 Feb 2021];6(5):91. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2017.08.18

Grosso M, Priotto R, Ghirardo D, Talenti A, Roberto E, Bertolaccini L, et al. Comparison of digital tomosynthesis and computed tomography for lung nodule detection in SOS screening program. Radiol Med. 2017;122(8):568-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-017-0765-3

Choo JY, Lee KY, Yu A, Kim JH, Lee SH, Choi JW, et al. A comparison of digital tomosynthesis and chest radiography in evaluating airway lesions using computed tomography as a reference. Eur Radiol. 2016;26(9):3147-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-4127-z

Kim EY, Bista AB, Kim T, Park SY, Park KJ, Kang DK, et al. The advantage of digital tomosynthesis for pulmonary nodule detection concerning influence of nodule location and size: a phantom study. Clin Radiol [Internet]. 2017 [citado 8 Feb 2021];72(9):796.e1-e8. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2017.03.022

Dobbins JT, McAdams HP, Sabol JM, Chakraborty DP, Kazerooni EA, Reddy GP, et al. Multi-Institutional Evaluation of Digital Tomosynthesis, Dual-Energy Radiography, and Conventional Chest Radiography for the Detection and Management of Pulmonary Nodules. Radiology. 2017;282(1):236-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2016150497

Li Y, Xia L. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Role of Chest CT in Diagnosis and Management. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;214(6):1280-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.20.22954

Xiong Y, Sun D, Liu Y, Fan Y, Zhao L, Li X, et al. Clinical and High-Resolution CT Features of the COVID-19 Infection: Comparison of the Initial and Follow-up Changes. Invest Radiol. 2020;55(6):332-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/rli.0000000000000674

Johnson TR, Krauss B, Sedlmair M, Grasruck M, Bruder H, Morhard D, et al. Material differentiation by dual energy CT: initial experience. Eur Radiol. 2007;17(6):1510-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-006-0517-6

Schmidt B, Bredenhoeller C, Flohr T. Dual Source CT Technology. En: Hofmann S, eds. Dual Source CT Imaging. Germany: Springer; 2008. p.19-33.

Calvo I, SantaCruz-Calvo S, Aranzana MG, Mármol P, Luque JÁ, Peral I, et al. Tomografía Digital y COVID-19: Un avance en la valoración de opacidades pulmonares. Arch Bronconeumol. 2020;56(11):761-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbr.2020.06.005

Ridge CA, Desai SR, Jeyin N, Mahon C, Lother DL, Mirsadraee S, et al. Dual-Energy CT Pulmonary Angiography (DECTPA) Quantifies Vasculopathy in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10 Feb 2021];2(5):e200428. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1148/ryct.2020200428

Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J, Lin M, Ying L, Pang P, et al. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E115-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200432

Simpson S, Kay FU, Abbara S, Bhalla S, Chung JH, Chung M, et al. Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging [Internet]. 2020 [citado 12 Feb 2021];2(2):e200152. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1148/ryct.2020200152

Xie X, Zhong Z, Zhao W, Zheng C, Wang F, Liu J. Chest CT for Typical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: Relationship to Negative RT-PCR Testing. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E41-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200343

Koo HJ, Lim S, Choe J, Choi SH, Sung H, Do KH. Radiographic and CT Features of Viral Pneumonia. Radiographics. 2018;38(3):719-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2018170048

Ojha V, Mani A, Pandey NN, Sharma S, Kumar S. CT in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review of chest CT findings in 4410 adult patients. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(11):6129-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06975-7

Bernheim A, Mei X, Huang M, Yang Y, Fayad ZA, Zhang N, et al. Chest CT. findings in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Relationship to duration of infection. Radiology [Internet]. 2020 [citado 13 Feb 2021];295(3):200463. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200463

Pan Y, Guan H, Zhou S, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhu T, et al. Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(6):3306-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06731-x

Pan F, Ye T, Sun P, Gui S, Liang B, Li L, et al. Time Course of Lung Changes at Chest CT during Recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Radiology. 2020;295(3):715-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200370

Wu J, Wu X, Zeng W, Guo D, Fang Z, Chen L, et al. Chest CT Findings in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Relationship With Clinical Features. Invest Radiol. 2020;55(5):257-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/rli.0000000000000670

Wang Y, Dong C, Hu Y, Li C, Ren Q, Zhang X, et al. Temporal Changes of CT Findings in 90 Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Longitudinal Study. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E55-E64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200843

Prokop M, Everdingen W, Rees Vellinga T, Quarles Ufford H, Stöger L, Beenen L, et al. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology. 2020];296(2):E97-E104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201473

Salehi S, Abedi A, Balakrishnan S, Gholamrezanezhad A. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;215(1):87-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.20.23034

Molina CO, Duarte N, Mikulic H. Presentación tomográfica inusual, con crazy-paving, en insuficiencia cardíaca. Rev Amer Med Respiratoria. 2016;16(2):172-4.

Pontone G, Baggiano A, Conte E, Teruzzi G, Cosentino N, Campodonico J, et al. "Quadruple Rule-Out" With Computed Tomography in a COVID-19 Patient With Equivocal Acute Coronary Syndrome Presentation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(8):1854-6. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jcmg.2020.04.012

Lang M, Som A, Mendoza DP, Flores EJ, Reid N, Carey D, et al. Hypoxaemia related to COVID-19: vascular and perfusion abnormalities on dual-energy CT. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(12):1365-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30367-4

Ganti S, Kok SSX, Aftab S, Halagatti SV, Wong SBS, Uppaluri AS. Spectrum of lung perfusion changes on dual-energy CT in COVID-19: incremental benefit to conventional CT. Emerg Radiol. 2021;28:527-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-020-01877-z

Leonardi A, Scipione R, Alfieri G, Petrillo R, Dolciami M, Ciccarelli F, et al. Role of computed tomography in predicting critical disease in patients with covid-19 pneumonia: A retrospective study using a semiautomatic quantitative method. Eur J Radiol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 15 Feb 2021];130:109202. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109202

Gattinoni L, Coppola S, Cressoni M, Busana M, Rossi S, Chiumello D. COVID-19 Does Not Lead to a "Typical" Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(10):1299-300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202003-0817le

Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers DAMPJ, Kant KM, et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020;191:145-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013

Shu L, Wang X, Li M, Chen X, Ji N, Shi L, et al. Clinical characteristics of moderate COVID-19 patients aggravation in Wuhan Stadium Cabin Hospital: A 571 cases of retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol. 2021;93(2):1133-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26414

Zhu F, Cao Y, Xu S, Zhou M. Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in a patient in Wuhan city, China. J Med Virol. 2020;92(6):529-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25732

Cheng Z, Qin L, Cao Q, Dai J, Pan A, Yang W, et al. Quantitative computed tomography of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Radiol Infect Dis. 2020;7(2):55-61. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jrid.2020.04.004

Zhang R, Ouyang H, Fu L, Wang S, Han J, Huang K, et al. CT features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia according to clinical presentation: a retrospective analysis of 120 consecutive patients from Wuhan city. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(8):4417-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06854-1

Hosseiny M, Kooraki S, Gholamrezanezhad A, Reddy S, Myers L. Radiology Perspective of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Lessons From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;214(5):1078-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.20.22969

Yuan M, Yin W, Tao Z, Tan W, Hu Y. Association of radiologic findings with mortality of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020 [citado 16 Feb 2021];15(3):e0230548. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230548

Si-Mohamed S, Chebib N, Sigovan M, Zumbihl L, Turquier S, Boccalini S, et al. In vivo demonstration of pulmonary microvascular involvement in COVID-19 using dual-energy computed tomography. Eur Respir J [Internet]. 2020 [citado 17 Feb 2021];56(4):2002608. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02608-2020

Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E32-E40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200642

Grassi R, Fusco R, Belfiore MP, Montanelli A, Patelli G, Urraro F, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy: features on chest computed tomography using a structured report system. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2020 [citado 17 Feb 2021];10(1):17236. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73788-5

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.


Licencia de Creative Commons
Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional.