Infarto de miocardio en pacientes con COVID-19: Una complicación a tener en cuenta
Texto completo:
PDFResumen
La COVID-19 se ha asociado con diversas complicaciones cardiovasculares, que incluyen lesión miocárdica aguda, miocarditis, arritmias y tromboembolismo venoso. La infección puede grave en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular preexistente y una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica debida a una tormenta de citosinas, en casos graves de esta enfermedad, puede provocar infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM). El pronóstico y la evolución clínica de los pacientes con COVID-19, que presentan esta complicación vascular, pueden ser deletéreos; por lo que se debe determinar su magnitud e identificar los casos de riesgo. En este artículo se presentan dos pacientes que presentaron IAM con elevación del segmento ST: un varón de 27 años de edad sin factores de riesgo coronario y otro de 63, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y hábito de fumar, ambos enfermaron de COVID-19 e ingresaron con síntomas respiratorios.
Referencias
GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1736-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32203-7
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, et al. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(18):2231-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1038
Libby P, Loscalzo J, Ridker PM, Farkouh ME, Hsue PY, Fuster V, et al. Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection in Atherothrombosis: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(17):2071-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1043
Mogensen TH. Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22(2):240-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00046-08
van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Dinarello CA, Joosten LA. Inflammasome activation and IL-1β and IL-18 processing during infection. Trends Immunol. 2011;32(3):110-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2011.01.003
Vallance P, Collier J, Bhagat K. Infection, inflammation, and infarction: does acute endothelial dysfunction provide a link? Lancet. 1997;349(9062):1391-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)09424-x
Welt FGP, Shah PB, Aronow HD, Bortnick AE, Henry TD, Sherwood MW, et al. Catheterization Laboratory Considerations During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: From the ACC's Interventional Council and SCAI. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(18):2372-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.021
Mahmud E, Dauerman HL, Welt FGP, Messenger JC, Rao SV, Grines C, et al. Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Statement From the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(11):1375-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.039
Szerlip M, Anwaruddin S, Aronow HD, Cohen MG, Daniels MJ, Dehghani P, et al. Considerations for cardiac catheterization laboratory procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic perspectives from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Emerging Leader Mentorship (SCAI ELM) Members and Graduates. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96(3):586-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28887
Lim W, Qushmaq I, Devereaux PJ, Heels-Ansdell D, Lauzier F, Ismaila AS, et al. Elevated cardiac troponin measurements in critically ill patients. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(22):2446-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.22.2446
Sarkisian L, Saaby L, Poulsen TS, Gerke O, Hosbond S, Jangaard N, et al. Prognostic Impact of Myocardial Injury Related to Various Cardiac and Noncardiac Conditions. Am J Med. 2016;129(5):506-14.e1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.12.009
Sarkisian L, Saaby L, Poulsen TS, Gerke O, Jangaard N, Hosbond S, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial Injury, and Nonelevated Troponins. Am J Med. 2016;129(4):446.e5-e21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.11.006
Smeeth L, Thomas SL, Hall AJ, Hubbard R, Farrington P, Vallance P. Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection or vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(25):2611-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa041747
Harrington RA. Targeting Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(12):1197-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejme1709904
Kwong JC, Schwartz KL, Campitelli MA, Chung H, Crowcroft NS, Karnauchow T, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Infection. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(4):345-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1702090
Xiong TY, Redwood S, Prendergast B, Chen M. Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(19):1798-800. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa231
Driggin E, Madhavan MV, Bikdeli B, Chuich T, Laracy J, Biondi-Zoccai G, et al. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(18):2352-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.031
Bangalore S, Sharma A, Slotwiner A, Yatskar L, Harari R, Shah B, et al. ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with Covid-19 - A Case Series. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(25):2478-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2009020
Tan YK, Goh C, Leow AST, Tambyah PA, Ang A, Yap ES, et al. COVID-19 and ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-summary of the literature. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;50(3):587-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02228-y
Li Y, Li M, Wang M, Zhou Y, Chang J, Xian Y, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2020;5(3):279-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2020-000431
Lodigiani C, Iapichino G, Carenzo L, Cecconi M, Ferrazzi P, Sebastian T, et al. Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy. Thromb Res. 2020;191:9-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.024
Bilaloglu S, Aphinyanaphongs Y, Jones S, Iturrate E, Hochman J, Berger JS. Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in a New York City Health System. JAMA. 2020;324(8):799-801. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.13372
Modin D, Claggett B, Sindet-Pedersen C, Lassen MCH, Skaarup KG, Jensen JUS, et al. Acute COVID-19 and the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. 2020;142(21):2080-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.050809
Birnbaum Y, Sclarovsky S, Ben-Ami R, Rechavia E, Strasberg B, Kusniec J, et al. Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia early after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1993;71(8):745-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(93)91021-9
Tomcsányi J, Marosi A, Bózsik B, Somlói M, Zsoldos A, Vecsey T, et al. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and tombstoning ST-segment elevation in patients with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96(9):1197-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.06.055
Enlaces refback
- No hay ningún enlace refback.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional.
