Myocardial infarction in patients with COVID-19: A complication to be taken into account
Abstract
COVID-19 has been associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism. Infection could be severe in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, and, in the most severe cases of this disease, a systemic inflammatory response due to a cytokine storm can lead to acute myocardial infarction. The prognosis and clinical evolution of patients with COVID-19, who present these vascular complications, can be deleterious, thus, their magnitude must be determined and at-risk cases identified. In this article are presented two patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a 27-year-old male with no coronary risk factors and a 63-year-old male with a history of high blood pressure and smoking, both of whom developed COVID-19 and were admitted with respiratory symptoms.Downloads
References
1. GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1736-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32203-7
2. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, et al. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(18):2231-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1038
3. Libby P, Loscalzo J, Ridker PM, Farkouh ME, Hsue PY, Fuster V, et al. Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection in Atherothrombosis: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(17):2071-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1043
4. Mogensen TH. Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22(2):240-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00046-08
5. van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Dinarello CA, Joosten LA. Inflammasome activation and IL-1β and IL-18 processing during infection. Trends Immunol. 2011;32(3):110-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2011.01.003
6. Vallance P, Collier J, Bhagat K. Infection, inflammation, and infarction: does acute endothelial dysfunction provide a link? Lancet. 1997;349(9062):1391-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)09424-x
7. Welt FGP, Shah PB, Aronow HD, Bortnick AE, Henry TD, Sherwood MW, et al. Catheterization Laboratory Considerations During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: From the ACC's Interventional Council and SCAI. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(18):2372-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.021
8. Mahmud E, Dauerman HL, Welt FGP, Messenger JC, Rao SV, Grines C, et al. Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Statement From the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(11):1375-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.039
9. Szerlip M, Anwaruddin S, Aronow HD, Cohen MG, Daniels MJ, Dehghani P, et al. Considerations for cardiac catheterization laboratory procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic perspectives from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Emerging Leader Mentorship (SCAI ELM) Members and Graduates. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96(3):586-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28887
10. Lim W, Qushmaq I, Devereaux PJ, Heels-Ansdell D, Lauzier F, Ismaila AS, et al. Elevated cardiac troponin measurements in critically ill patients. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(22):2446-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.22.2446
11. Sarkisian L, Saaby L, Poulsen TS, Gerke O, Hosbond S, Jangaard N, et al. Prognostic Impact of Myocardial Injury Related to Various Cardiac and Noncardiac Conditions. Am J Med. 2016;129(5):506-14.e1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.12.009
12. Sarkisian L, Saaby L, Poulsen TS, Gerke O, Jangaard N, Hosbond S, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial Injury, and Nonelevated Troponins. Am J Med. 2016;129(4):446.e5-e21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.11.006
13. Smeeth L, Thomas SL, Hall AJ, Hubbard R, Farrington P, Vallance P. Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection or vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(25):2611-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa041747
14. Harrington RA. Targeting Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(12):1197-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejme1709904
15. Kwong JC, Schwartz KL, Campitelli MA, Chung H, Crowcroft NS, Karnauchow T, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Infection. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(4):345-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1702090
16. Xiong TY, Redwood S, Prendergast B, Chen M. Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(19):1798-800. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa231
17. Driggin E, Madhavan MV, Bikdeli B, Chuich T, Laracy J, Biondi-Zoccai G, et al. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(18):2352-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.031
18. Bangalore S, Sharma A, Slotwiner A, Yatskar L, Harari R, Shah B, et al. ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with Covid-19 - A Case Series. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(25):2478-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2009020
19. Tan YK, Goh C, Leow AST, Tambyah PA, Ang A, Yap ES, et al. COVID-19 and ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-summary of the literature. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;50(3):587-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02228-y
20. Li Y, Li M, Wang M, Zhou Y, Chang J, Xian Y, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2020;5(3):279-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2020-000431
21. Lodigiani C, Iapichino G, Carenzo L, Cecconi M, Ferrazzi P, Sebastian T, et al. Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy. Thromb Res. 2020;191:9-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.024
22. Bilaloglu S, Aphinyanaphongs Y, Jones S, Iturrate E, Hochman J, Berger JS. Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in a New York City Health System. JAMA. 2020;324(8):799-801. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.13372
23. Modin D, Claggett B, Sindet-Pedersen C, Lassen MCH, Skaarup KG, Jensen JUS, et al. Acute COVID-19 and the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. 2020;142(21):2080-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.050809
24. Birnbaum Y, Sclarovsky S, Ben-Ami R, Rechavia E, Strasberg B, Kusniec J, et al. Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia early after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1993;71(8):745-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(93)91021-9
25. Tomcsányi J, Marosi A, Bózsik B, Somlói M, Zsoldos A, Vecsey T, et al. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and tombstoning ST-segment elevation in patients with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96(9):1197-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.06.055
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
