In-hospital cardiac mortality: Epidemiology and prevention strategies

Abstract

Mortality from cardiac causes has been extensively evaluated in the outpatient context; however, studies related to this topic in hospitalized patients are scarce. The literature review showed that non atherosclerotic ischemic diseases and acute pulmonary embolism are more frequent in recently operated patients; while in those admitted for medical reasons, the acute pulmonary embolism, acute heart failure and cardiorespiratory arrest can be present. In patients admitted to the acute care units predominated the non-atherosclerotic ischemic events, mainly related to states of shock, cardiorespiratory arrest, acute pulmonary embolism and acute heart failure. The evaluation and control of cardiovascular risk factors, maintenance of basic treatment, correction of acute pathophysiological changes, mobilization and early rehabilitation, thromboprophylaxis and protocoled care, are the main prevention strategies to be followed. Adequate clinical trials are required to verify the efficacy and safety of prophylactic measures.