Early activation of the cardiovascular sympathetic reflex is independent of the occlusion time during reactive hyperemia
Abstract
Introduction: Reactive hyperemia is a technique where rapid and exaggerated reperfusion is applied to an organ or tissue when circulation is restored after a period of total arterial occlusion.
Objective: To analyze the role of occlusion time on dynamic changes in autonomic activation during reactive hyperemia.
Method: Healthy individuals (n=30) aged 18 to 25 years old participated in this study. Vascular reactivity was assessed by measuring the dynamic changes in finger pulse volume amplitude and pulse transit time relative to the RR intervals in the test (occluded arm) and control arm (contralateral non-occluded arm) during one, three and five minutes of occlusion using two separate photoplethysmographic sensors. Heart rate variability was calculated from the simultaneously acquired electrocardiogram signal to monitor the dynamic changes in cardiac autonomic nervous system activity. The variables analysis of all signals was displayed every one second in the average response graphics.
Results: Time-varying analysis of the vascular and autonomic response during reactive hyperemia demonstrated the presence of a characteristic response pattern with an increase in the sympathetic index and a decrease in the parasympathetic index between the eight and ten seconds, an increase in heart rate at 20 seconds and a progressive increase in pulse volume amplitude during the first 60 seconds after occlusion; regardless of the time of occlusion. In addition, there was a decrease in pulse transit time relative to RR intervals, followed by an increase; regardless of occlusion time.
Conclusions: Early cardiovascular sympathetic activation during reactive hyperemia is independent from occlusion time, suggesting a reflex cardiovascular autonomic response involved in the generation of the physiological phenomenon of reactive hyperemia.
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