Influence of the emotional disturbances on arterial stiffness index and cardiovascular risk in pre-hypertensive patients
Abstract
Introduction: Psychological stress is a contributing cause of cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure. Anxiety and depression are among the psychological factors more influencing blood pressure.
Objectives: To determine the influence of emotional disturbances on arterial stiffness index and cardiovascular risk of pre-hypertensive patients.
Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 48 pre-hypertensive patients. Emotional disturbances, global cardiovascular risk and arterial stiffness index were evaluated. The photoplethysmography technique with an ANGIODIN digital plethysmograph was used to record the arterial pulse wave in the first toe of the right lower limb.
Results: Pre-hypertensive patients with emotional disturbances had higher body weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness index than those without these emotional disturbances. A positive Cornell test was found in 58.3% of pre-hypertensive patients: 39.6% of women and 18.8% of men. The relationship between the presence of emotional disturbances and moderate cardiovascular risk was highly significant (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Emotional disturbances in pre-hypertensive patients are associated with an increase in arterial stiffness and an increased global cardiovascular risk.Downloads
References
1. Sherwood A, Turner JR. Hemodynamic responses during psychological stress: implications for studying disease processes. Int J Behav Med. 1995;2(3):193-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0203_1
2. Jaén Águila F, Mediavilla García JD, Navarrete Navarrete N, Ramos Cortés JL, Fernández Torres C, Jiménez Alonso J. Ansiedad, depresión y su implicación en la hipertensión arterial resistente. Hipertens Riesgo Vasc. 2014;31(1):7-13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hipert.2013.08.001
3. Schwartz CE, Durocher JJ, Carter JR. Neurovascular responses to mental stress in prehypertensive humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011;110(1):76-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00912.2010
4. Wiener A, Rohr CS, Naor N, Villringer A, Okon-Singer H. Emotion Regulation in Essential Hypertension: Roles of Anxiety, Stress, and the Pulvinar. Front Behav Neurosci [Internet]. 2020 [citado 21 Feb 2021];14:80. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00080
5. Whelton PK, Williams B. The 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension and 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines: More Similar Than Different. JAMA. 2018;320(17):1749-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.16755
6. Weider A, Brodman K, Mittelmann B, Wechsler D, Wolff HG. The Cornell Index; a method for quickly assaying personality and psychosomatic disturbances, to be used as an adjunct to interview. Psychosom Med. 1946;8(6):411-3.
7. Anderson KM, Odell PM, Wilson PW, Kannel WB. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Am Heart J. 1991;121(1 Pt 2):293-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(91)90861-b
8. Sánchez-Hechavarría ME, Carrazana-Escalona R, Planas-Rodríguez M, Cala-Calviño L, Barrios-Deler R, Núñez-Bouron AI, et al. Evaluación del estado nutricional y vascular en estudiantes y atletas de beisbol de alto rendimiento. CorSalud [Internet]. 2017 [citado 24 Feb 2021];9(2):88-94. Disponible en: http://www.revcorsalud.sld.cu/index.php/cors/article/view/205/478
9. Pascau Simón A, Fernández-Britto Rodríguez JE, Allen J. Nuevos modelos conceptual y matemático para el contorno de la onda de volumen de pulso arterial. Rev Cuban Invest Bioméd [Internet]. 2011 [citado 24 Feb 2021];30(4):487-500. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/ibi/v30n4/ibi07411.pdf
10. Logan JG, Teachman BA, Liu X, Farber CR, Liu Z, Annex BH. Acute psychological stress, autonomic function, and arterial stiffness among women. Int J Psychophysiol. 2020;155:219-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.015
11. Midei AJ, Matthews KA. Social relationships and negative emotional traits are associated with central adiposity and arterial stiffness in healthy adolescents. Health Psychol. 2009;28(3):347-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014214
12. Almagiá E. Influencia del estado emocional en la salud física. Ter Psicol. 2003;21(1):55-60.
13. Björntorp P. Regional fat distribution--implications for type II diabetes. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992;160(Suppl 4):S19-27.
14. Gianaros PJ, Onyewuenyi IC, Sheu LK, Christie IC, Critchley HD. Brain systems for baroreflex suppression during stress in humans. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;33(7):1700-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21315
15. Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Sychareun V, Ferrer AJG, Low WY, Huu TN, et al. Prehypertension and psychosocial risk factors among university students in ASEAN countries. BMC Cardiovasc Disord [Internet]. 2017 [citado 25 Feb 2021];17(1):230. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-017-0666-3
16. Lang PJ, Bradley MM, Cuthbert BN. Emotion, motivation, and anxiety: brain mechanisms and psychophysiology. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;44(12):1248-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00275-3
17. Uceda I, Fernández J, López R, Vera MP. Perfil emocional y cognitivo de la hipertensión arterial esencial mantenida frente a la normotensión. Clínic Salud. 2013;24(2):67-76. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5093/cl2013a8
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
