Cardiometabolic vulnerability markers in pregnant women initiating pregnancy with overweight and obesity
Abstract
Introduction: The frequency of women starting pregnancy with overweight and obesity is concerning due to its high incidence.
Objective: Identify cardiometabolic vulnerability markers in pregnant women with overweight and obesity.
Method: Descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study with 404 pregnant women treated at Hospital Mariana Grajales in Santa Clara, Cuba, between 2018 and 2021. Descriptive (mean, median, and standard deviation) and inferential statistical analyses (Student's t-test [quantitative] and Chi-square test [qualitative]) were conducted.
Results: Visceral fat volume was greater than 100 cm3 in all evaluated groups (p<0.0001). All pregnant women with obesity class II and class III had a waist circumference greater than 88 cm and a waist-to-height ratio greater than 0.53. The "hypertriglyceridemia/abnormal abdominal waist" phenotype predominated (59.40%) in the entire sample, as well as in all obesity classifications (77.08%). Only 4.42% of overweight and 5.49% of obese pregnant women were metabolically unhealthy. Cardiometabolic vulnerability was identified by the presence of general adiposity (96.8%) and central adiposity (72.0%). In general adiposity, waist circumference showed a mean above the risk cutoff point in all overweight and obesity phenotypes. Central adiposity showed mean values above the risk cutoff point, which increased considerably with the severity of malnutrition.
Conclusions: Cardiometabolic vulnerability markers are altered in pregestational overweight and obesity patients, and according to the severity of malnutrition, they show indicators of higher risk.
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