Rehabilitación cardiovascular con entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad después un infarto cardíaco
Resumen
Resumen: Introducción: el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad es eficaz en la rehabilitación cardiovascular de los pacientes que han presentado un infarto agudo del miocardio. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en pacientes que han tenido un infarto. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional y analítico con pacientes remitidos al servicio de rehabilitación cardiovascular del Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico “Hermanos Ameijeiras” entre julio a diciembre de 2019. Las variables cualitativas se resumieron en frecuencias absolutas y relativas; las cuantitativas en media y desviación estándar. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicó la Prueba de McNemar, t de Student y de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Se incluyeron 53 pacientes con una media de edad de 61,3 ± 8,4 años. Predominaron los hombres (75,5 %) y los hipertensos (69,8 %). Se observó disminución del hábito tabáquico (p = 0,001), el peso corporal, de los valores de tensión arterial, triglicéridos, C-LDL (p < 0,001) y glicemia basal (p = 0,005) y un incremento del C-HDL (p < 0,001). La función sistólica (p < 0,001) y diastólica (p = 0,001) del ventrículo izquierdo mejoraron de forma significativa. Los pacientes lograron incrementar su capacidad funcional (p < 0,001), ya que mejoraron la tolerancia al ejercicio físico (p < 0,001) y el consumo de oxígeno (p < 0,001). No se constataron complicaciones. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad tuvo efectos positivos sobre los factores de riesgo, el remodelado ventricular y la capacidad funcional, sin que aparecieran complicaciones.
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